专访钱方:筑者守拙:在熵减中寻序,于烟火里生根

THE ARCHITECT'S SIMPLICITY:SEEKING ORDER IN ENTROPY REDUCTION,TAKING ROOT IN DAILY LIFE

本期《建筑创作》以“建筑中的混凝土”为主题。《建筑创作》主编胡越、编辑部主任项曦和本期编辑共同采访了全国工程勘察设计大师钱方。访谈以钱方的职业经历开篇,围绕设计理念、建筑价值观、管理经验等方面,深入阐释了设计作品、研究成果及工作近况,并就人工智能对建筑行业的影响,及行业未来的展望发表独到见解。本文经录音整理,双方确认成稿。文中照片、图纸资料版权均为中国建筑西南设计研究院有限公司所有。

阿利坎特大学创业中心(一期) 西班牙 阿利坎特

Alicante University Entrepreneurship Centre(Phase Ⅰ),Alicante,Spain

<正>阿利坎特大学创业中心(一期)阿利坎特大学创业中心的设计方案在2007—2009年完成。项目在经历长达10年的搁置后启动,目前,一期工程已建成,实施了整体方案的一半。另外半数体量的二期工程待建,启动日期尚未确定。待项目全部完成,才能真正呈现设计的完整构思。创业中心项目是首批入驻阿利坎特大学科学园的建筑之一。科学园与主校区被通往瓦伦西亚的A7高速公路隔开,由一条下穿高速公路的步行绿廊将两处园区连接起来。项目重点考虑设置面向科技型企业的“办公-实验室”模块,这些模块功能多样、空间灵活,并配有复杂的设备系统,可根据未来需求扩展或替换。因此,它们最终成为决定建筑形体和空间组织的关键因素。

富克斯霍夫街FHS小学 德国 路德维希堡

FHS Grundschule Fuchshofstraβe,Ludwigsburg,Germany

<正>作为社群中心的校园建筑David Kasparek这座新建的5.5轨学制小学位于路德维希堡西部,校舍沿新开发区的富克斯霍夫街南北延展。设计以“操场上装满书的书架”为意象,将知识传授与社交互动相结合的学习愿景,转化为一座混合木结构建筑。三层楼板如书架般向外悬挑,在流动的户外空间中,为校园师生提供可自主使用和个性化诠释的场所。首层建筑体量局部内凹,形成沿行政管理区和教职工用房平行展开的灰空间,迎接学生的到来,促进师生互动交流。步入建筑内部,人们便来到建筑的核心空间一一宽敞的中央楼梯大厅。

HOSO学生公寓 葡萄牙 波尔图

HOSO,Porto,Portugal

<正>HOSO学生公寓:以放射形布局诠释理性与古典本设计探索出一种建筑布局优化、形式复用和空间灵活性的理想范式。Hoso学生公寓塔楼位于波尔图最大的大学校园内,建筑体量嵌入周边的矩形楼群,填补了城市内环快速路造成的城市空隙,将不连续的城市空间缝合。圆柱体的体量实现了高效灵活的空间组织方式,既能减少交通面积,又可简便地解决建筑多功能适配装配式建筑的施工方法与流程能最大限度减少意外情况的发生,从而确保工程质量高于平均水平。

导言 从“锈带”到“秀带”——工业遗存的活态利用与创新设计

INTRODUCTION From 'Rust Belt' to 'Show Belt':The Adaptive Reuse and Innovative Design of Industrial Relics

<正>当高炉火焰渐次熄灭、纺织机轰鸣归于沉寂,工业时代遗留的巨型厂房何去何从?它们曾是现代文明的脊梁,见证国家从农业社会迈向工业社会的历史进程,却在产业升级与城市转型的浪潮中,一度成为“污染”“落后”的象征,于去留间彷徨。在此时代语境下,工业遗存的活态利用与创新设计从边缘逐渐走向学术与公众视野中心,成为连接历史与未来的纽带。一、身份再确认:从“废弃厂房”到“文明层积”工业遗存绝非冰冷砖石与钢铁的堆砌,而是人类历史进程的“物化史诗”。

基于渐进式更新视角下的船政马尾造船厂机修车间改造实践

Renovation Practice of the Machinery Repair Workshop of Mawei Shipyard of Fuzhou Arsenal(Chuanzheng) Under the Perspective of Incremental Renewal

针对传统“大拆大建”式城市更新模式所引发的历史文脉断裂与资源浪费问题,本研究以“小而灵活”的渐进式更新理念为理论框架,通过对船政马尾造船厂机修车间改造项目的深度案例研究,探讨工业遗产建筑单体的适应性再利用路径。研究提出,在功能业态尚未明确的初期,应采用“最小干预”策略,最大化保留其历史风貌并预留空间冗余度;待新功能明确后,再进行“精准改造”,通过内部流线重组与既有构件再利用,实现新旧功能的有机融合。这两个阶段的渐进式更新实践表明,赋予建筑空间冗余度与适变性,是推动其从“静态遗存”向“动态活体”转型的关键,为存量时代下工业遗产的保护与活化,提供了可借鉴的创新范式。

In response to the historical context discontinuity and resource wastage caused by the traditional 'large-scale demolition and reconstruction' urban renewal model,this research adopts the concept of 'small and flexible' incremental renewal as its theoretical framework.Through an in-depth case study of the machinery workshop renovation project at Mawei Shipyard of Fuzhou Arsenal(Chuanzheng),the research explores the adaptive reuse pathways for individual industrial heritage buildings.The research proposes that in the early stage of uncertain functional orientation,a 'minimal intervention' strategy should be employed to maximize historical preservation while reserving spatial redundancy.Once the new function is defined,a 'precision renovation' approach should be implemented to achieve organic integration of old and new functions via flowline reconfiguration and component utilization.This two-stage incremental renewal practice demonstrates that endowing buildings with adaptability and redundancy is key to transforming them from 'static relics' into 'living entities',offering an innovative paradigm for the conservation and revitalization of industrial heritage in the era of urban stock development.

从工业遗产到教育空间的活化转型探索——以北京维尼纶厂为例

Exploration of the Revitalization and Transformation from Industrial Heritage to Educational Space:A Case Study of the Beijing Vinylon Factory

在国内外工业遗产活化利用的实践中,建筑遗产本体常通过功能置换的方式重新融入城市发展脉络,承担起多样化的城市服务功能。北京维尼纶厂作为新中国建国初期的重点工业工程项目,在完成其历史使命后,通过系统性的更新实践实现了向教育空间的转型,成为北京工业大学耿丹学院的办学基地。本研究结合国内外工业遗产活化为教育建筑的实践案例,以北京维尼纶厂为研究对象,基于“空间生产理论”的“三元空间”理论框架,通过文献整理、理论分析、实地调研等方法,从厂区构想空间的转变、物质空间的更新与社会空间的重构进行分析,探讨其转型过程与空间更新方法,以期为中国工业遗产的适应性再利用提供实践参考。

In both domestic and international practices of industrial heritage revitalization,architectural heritage is often reintegrated into the trajectory of urban development through functional transformation,thereby undertaking diversified urban service functions.As a key industrial project in China's early post-liberation period,the Beijing Vinylon Factory underwent a systematic renovation after fulfilling its historical mission,successfully transforming into an educational facility that now serves as the campus of the Gengdan Institute of Beijing University of Technology.Drawing on domestic and international cases of revitalizing industrial heritage into educational buildings,this study takes the Beijing Vinylon Factory as the research subject.Based on the theory of 'the social production of space' and the framework of 'the spatial triad',this research employs methods including literature review,field investigation,and theoretical analysis to examine the transformation of the factory's conceived space,the renewal of its material space,and the reconstruction of its social space.It further explores the transformation process and spatial renewal methods,aiming to provide practical references for the adaptive reuse of industrial heritage in China.

从城市更新到文物保护——以天津第一机床总厂三个建筑实践为例

From Urban Renewal to Heritage Conservation:A Case Study of the Three Architectural Practices at Tianjin No.1 Machine Tool Works

工业遗存作为城市发展的存量资源,如何在城市更新过程中对其遗产价值进行可持续保护,已受到学界与业界的高度关注。天津第一机床总厂城市更新项目,将工业遗存更新实践与遗产化进程同步推进,其中苏联专家楼、苏联专家会议室和金三车间的工具车间与齿轮车间这3项建筑更新工程,为工业文物的认定工作提供了重要的技术支撑。本研究通过归纳文保师跨界引导下形成的“多层级价值评估一历史图景构建式设计一可持续目标运营”更新实践路径,探究工业遗存在更新实践中实现真实性与活态性兼顾的可行性,可为其他工业遗存的可持续保护更新实践提供参考。

As an existing stock resource for urban development,the sustainable protection of the heritage value of industrial remains during urban renewal has attracted great attention from both academic and industrial circles.The urban renewal project of Tianjin No.1 Machine Tool Works advances the renewal practice and heritagization process of industrial remains in parallel.Specifically,the renovation projects of three buildings,namely the Soviet Experts' Building,the Conference Room,and the Toor and Gear Workshops in Jinsan Workshop(No.3 Metal Workshop),have provided technical support for the identification of industrial cultural relics.By summarizing the renewal practice experience centered on 'multi-level value assessment-historical context construction-oriented design-sustainable goal-oriented operation' under the cross-disciplinary guidance of cultural heritage conservationists,this research explores the possibility of balancing authenticity and vitality of industrial remains in renewal practice,aiming to provide a reference for the sustainable conservation and renewal of other industrial remains.

空间叙事视角下传统家族民居全周期演化与活态保护实证研究

Empirical Study on the Full Lifecycle Evolution and Active Conservation of a Traditional Family Residence:A Spatial Narrative Perspective

传统民居活态保护需超越单纯的静态保存。本研究以昆明晋城张氏民居为例，基于空间叙事理论构建“物-场-事”框架，创新提出叙事完整性指数（NII）模型，量化评估其20世纪30年代至今5个阶段的保护状态。研究发现：其空间功能经历了“商住混合—诊所—现代住宅”的演变历程，受家族经济状况与现代化进程影响，空间利用率逐步下降；NII值可将民居保护状态划分为持续使用、部分空置与完全废弃三类。据此，本研究提出功能绑定、新旧共生及符号转译等专属活态保护策略。实证结果表明，该理论模型与量化模型结合，有效克服了传统保护价值评估的主观局限，为同类传统民居的活态保护提供了科学路径。

Dynamic protection of traditional dwellings must extend beyond static preservation. This study of Kunming’s Zhang Family House uses spatial narrative theory to develop an “object-field-event” framework and a Narrative Integrity Index (NII) model. The NII quantifies the dwelling’s protection status across five stages since the 1930s. Results show the spatial function shifted from mixed commercial-residential use to a clinic， then a modern residence. Family economics and modernization reduced utilization. NII values categorize the dwelling as continuously occupied， partially vacant， or fully abandoned， informing tailored strategies. The model overcomes subjectivity in traditional valuation， providing a scientific basis for conserving similar dwellings.

工业遗产的构成与价值评价方法

Formation of Industrial Heritage and Method of Value Evaluation

本文回顾了工业遗产研究和保护的历史,归纳出工业遗产保护的国际组织、纲领性文件;对工业遗产的定义、构成、类型、特征和价值等工业遗产的内涵进行了论述;提出了我国工业遗产的保护体系和城市规划管理体系。

By reviewing the research of the industrial heritage and the history of the protection, the international organizations and programmatic documents for protection of the industrial heritages will be shown; the definition, the formation, the style, the characteristics and value of the industrial heritages will be discussed in this paper. In addition, the protection system of our industrial heritage and the administrative system of city planning will be submitted.

BIM的历史

HISTORY OF BIM

这篇文章是杰里·莱瑟林(Jerry Laiserin)最新撰写的。关于BIM的来历这个问题,此篇文章与本刊2011年4期发表的文章"比较苹果与橙子"一起,将会带给读者一个完整的解读。

工业遗产之下塔吉尔宪章

<正>国际工业遗产保护协会(TICCIH)是代表工业遗产的世界性组织,并且还是国际古迹遗址理事会(ICOMOS)关于工业遗产的专门顾问。本宪章由TICCIH发起,然后将提交给ICOMOS批准,并最终将由联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)正式批准。

无锡建议——注重经济高速发展时期的工业遗产保护

<正>中国工业遗产保护论坛于2006年“4·18”国际古迹遗址日在江苏省无锡市举行,我们来自有关城市和文物部门的代表及专家学者,一致同意并建议,应注重经济高速发展时期的工业遗产保护,实现经济建设与文化遗产保护的协调和可持续发展。我们认识到,工业遗产应包括以下内容:——具有历史学、社会学、建筑学和科技、审美价值的工业文化遗存。包括工厂车间、磨坊、仓库、店铺等工业建筑物,矿山、相关加工冶炼场地、能源生产和传输及使用场所、交通设施、工业生产相关的社会活动场所,相关工业设备,以及工艺流程、数据记录、企业档案等物质和非物质遗产。

以土地的名义:对景观设计的理解

IN THE NAME OF LAND: UNDERSTANDING OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

工业遗产的构成与价值评价方法

Formation of Industrial Heritage and Method of Value Evaluation

本文回顾了工业遗产研究和保护的历史,归纳出工业遗产保护的国际组织、纲领性文件;对工业遗产的定义、构成、类型、特征和价值等工业遗产的内涵进行了论述;提出了我国工业遗产的保护体系和城市规划管理体系。

By reviewing the research of the industrial heritage and the history of the protection, the international organizations and programmatic documents for protection of the industrial heritages will be shown; the definition, the formation, the style, the characteristics and value of the industrial heritages will be discussed in this paper. In addition, the protection system of our industrial heritage and the administrative system of city planning will be submitted.

首钢工业区工业遗产资源保护与再利用研究

Study on Preservation and Re-usage of Industrial Heritage Resource in Capital Steel Industrial District

首钢工业区是北京市最具代表性的工业历史地段,也是最有条件申报工业遗产的项目,随着首钢的整体搬迁,如何保护并利用好这一地区的各种工业遗存就成为了一个重要的课题。文章通过对首钢工业区内现存建、构筑物和设施设备的逐一调查、研究,确立了保护与再利用的层次,提出了关于工业遗产保护区范围和单体建、构筑物保护与再利用名录的初步构想,并对保护与再利用的分级以及工业遗产再利用的方式进行了探讨,为首钢工业区控制性详细规划提供依据。

The Capital steel industrial district is the featured historical industrial area in Beijing, which has authority to apply for the industrial heritage. With the removal of the Capital Steel Plant, it is an important subject to preserve and use each industrial heritage in this district. This paper will establish the preservation and re-usage standard, submit the preliminary concept on the names of preserved and re-using structures and provide the discussion on both of the classification of preservation and re-usage and the re-using type of the industrial heritage based on the careful investigation and research on the existing buildings, the structures and the facilities in the district. Therefore the detail controlled planning for the Capital Industrial District will be provided.

大明宫国家遗址公园:总体规划设计

THE NATIONAL HERITAGE PARK OF DAMING PALACE:MASTER PLANNING

唐大明宫国家大遗址保护展示示范园区暨考古遗址公园建设是21世纪中国文物保护领域的一次综合性、大规模探索。本文总结了唐大明宫国家考古遗址公园总体规划设计的主要内容,并以全球化的视野、开放的姿态、科学的方法,为使唐大明宫遗址成为具有世界先进水平及中国特色的文化遗产保护、展示和利用的示范性工程。

The construction of Daming Palace(Tang dynasty) National Great Site Demonstration Park and National Archaeological Heritage Park is a comprehensive and large-scale exploration in the field of China heritage conservation in 21st century.In the globalization view,with the open attotude and by the scientific approach,the authors summarized the main content of master planning of Daming Palace National Archaeological Heritage Park in order to make it become a Demonstration Project of heritage conservation for exhibition,which catches up with the world's advanced level and shows the Chinese own characteristics.

工业遗产之下塔吉尔宪章

<正>国际工业遗产保护协会(TICCIH)是代表工业遗产的世界性组织,并且还是国际古迹遗址理事会(ICOMOS)关于工业遗产的专门顾问。本宪章由TICCIH发起,然后将提交给ICOMOS批准,并最终将由联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)正式批准。

漫谈俞孔坚创建中国景观设计学(二)

Talking about the Chinese Landscaping Design Founded by Yu Kongjian (2)

<正>2007年7月16日零点左右,有人在"景观中国网友"发贴指责:他老人家在国外乱叫,将中国古典园林批得一无是处。这位网友说的"老人家"就是俞孔坚。他其实是年轻人,1963年出生于浙江金华市的一个小村庄。类似的嘲笑、指责据说不少,我们且不评说。